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Jalan Sutra)
Jalur Sutra (Hanzi tradisional: 絲綢之路; Hanzi yang Disederhanakan: 丝绸之路; pinyin: sī chóu zhī lù, bahasa Persia راه ابریشم Râh-e Abrisham) adalah sebuah jalur berseri melalui Asia Selatan yang dilalui oleh karavan dan kapal laut, dan menghubungkan Chang'an, Republik Rakyat Cina, dengan Antiokia, Suriah, dan juga tempat lainnya. Pengaruhnya terbawa sampai ke Korea dan Jepang.
Pertukaran ini sangat penting tak hanya untuk pengembangan kebudayaan Cina, India dan Roma namun juga merupakan dasar dari dunia modern. Istilah 'jalur sutra' pertama kali digunakan oleh geografer Jerman Ferdinand von Richthofen pada abad ke-19.
Jalur Sutra benua membagi menjadi jalur utara dan selatan begitu dia meluas dari pusat perdagangan Cina Utara dan Cina Selatan, rute utara melewati Bulgar-Kypchak ke Eropa Timur dan Semenanjung Crimea, dan dari sana menuju ke Laut Hitam, Laut Marmara, dan Balkan ke Venezia; rute selatan melewati Turkestan-Khorasan menuju Mesopotamia dan Anatolia, dan kemudian ke Antiokia di Selatan Anatolia menuju ke Laut Tengah atau melalui Levant ke Mesir dan Afrika Utara.
Hubungan jalan rel yang hilang dalam Jalur Sutra diselesaikan pada 1992, ketika jalan rel internasional Almaty - Urumqi dibuka.
[sunting] Pranala luar
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