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County Down (Irish: Contae an Dúin or simply an Dún) is one of the traditional counties of Ireland. It is located within the province of Ulster and is part of Northern Ireland.
The county forms an area of 2,448 km2 (945 sq mi). The estimated population in 1992 was 416,600; a more recent approximation puts it at about 516,000.[citation needed] The county town is Downpatrick, but the largest town is Bangor. Newry lies partially in Down and Armagh counties, although east and parts of south Belfast as well as south Lisburn lie within the county also.
Down contains both the southernmost point in Northern Ireland (Cranfield Point) and the easternmost point in Ireland (Burr Point).
The county borders County Antrim to the north, the Irish Sea to the east and County Armagh to the west. It is one of only two counties of Ireland to presently have a majority of the population from a Protestant community background, according to the 2001 census. The other is County Antrim.
[edit] Geography
Down contains two significant peninsulas: Ards Peninsula and Lecale peninsula.
The county has a coastline along Belfast Lough to the north and Carlingford Lough to the south (both of which have access to the sea). Strangford Lough lies between the Ards Peninsula and the mainland. Down also contains part of the shore of Lough Neagh. Smaller loughs include Lough Island Reavy.
The River Lagan forms most of the border with County Antrim. The River Bann also flows through the southwestern areas of the county. Other rivers include the Clanrye and Quoile.
The mouth of Carlingford Lough from Knockree in south County Down
There are several islands off the Down coast: Mew Island, Light House Island and the Copeland Islands, all of which lie to the north of the Ards Peninsula. Gunn Island lies off the Lecale coast. In addition there are a large number of small islands in Strangford Lough.
County Down is where, in the words of the famous song by Percy French, "The mountains of Mourne sweep down to the sea", and the granite Mourne Mountains continue to be renowned for their beauty. Slieve Donard, at 849 m (2,785 ft), is the highest peak in the Mournes and in Northern Ireland. Another important peak is Slieve Croob, at 534 m (1,752 ft), the source of the River Lagan.
[edit] Places of interest
- An area of County Down is known as the Brontë Homeland (situated between Rathfriland and Banbridge, where Patrick Brontë had his church), after Patrick Brontë (originally Brunty), father of Anne, Charlotte, Emily Brontë, and Branwell Bronte. Patrick Bronte was born in this region.
- The city of Newry in the south of the county contains St Patrick's (Church of Ireland, 1578), overlooking the city centre from Church street, on the east side of the city, which is considered to be Ireland's first ever Protestant church.[citation needed] Newry is also the home of the first summit-level canal ever to be built in the British Isles.[citation needed]
- Down is also home to Exploris, the Northern Ireland Aquarium, located in Portaferry, on the shores of Strangford Lough, on the Ards Peninsula.
- The Old Inn in Crawfordsburn is one of Ireland's oldest hostelries, with records dating back to 1614. The inn claims that people who have stayed there include Jonathan Swift, Dick Turpin, Peter the Great, Lord Tennyson, Charles Dickens, Anthony Trollope, former US president George H. W. Bush, and C. S. Lewis, who honeymooned there.[2]
- Scrabo Tower, in Newtownards, was built as a memorial to Charles Stewart, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry.
- Saint Patrick is reputed to be buried at Down Cathedral in Downpatrick, reputedly alongside St. Brigid[citation needed] and St. Columba[citation needed].
- Kilcoo (from the Irish: Cill Chua meaning "church of mourning" – from the legend that Saint Patrick's body stayed there while on its way to Downpatrick to be buried) is a small village in County Down situated between Hilltown and Castlewellan.
[edit] Settlements
| Historical populations |
| Year |
Pop. |
%± |
| 1659 |
15,183 |
— |
| 1821 |
325,410 |
2043.3% |
| 1831 |
352,012 |
8.2% |
| 1841 |
361,446 |
2.7% |
| 1851 |
320,817 |
−11.2% |
| 1861 |
299,302 |
−6.7% |
| 1871 |
277,294 |
−7.4% |
| 1881 |
248,190 |
−10.5% |
| 1891 |
224,008 |
−9.7% |
| 1901 |
205,889 |
−8.1% |
| 1911 |
204,303 |
−0.8% |
| 1926 |
209,228 |
2.4% |
| 1937 |
210,687 |
0.7% |
| 1951 |
241,181 |
14.5% |
| 1961 |
266,939 |
10.7% |
| 1966 |
286,631 |
7.4% |
| 1971 |
311,876 |
8.8% |
| 1981 |
417,978 |
34.0% |
| 1991 |
454,411 |
8.7% |
| 2001 |
489,004 |
7.6% |
| [3][4][5][6][7][8] |
[edit] Cities
(population of 75,000 or more at 2001 Census)[9]
Belfast
[edit] Large towns
(population of 18,000 or more and under 75,000 at 2001 Census)[9]
[edit] Medium towns
(population of 10,000 or more and under 18,000 at 2001 Census)[9]
[edit] Small towns
(population of 4,500 or more and under 10,000 at 2001 Census)[9]
[edit] Intermediate settlements
(population of 2,250 or more and under 4,500 at 2001 Census)[9]
[edit] Villages
(population of 1,000 or more and under 2,250 at 2001 Census)[9]
|
[edit] Small villages or hamlets
(population of less than 1,000 at 2001 Census)[9]
|
[edit] Subdivisions
Baronies
- Ards Lower (an Aird Íochtarach)
- Ards Upper (an Aird Uachtarach)
- Castlereagh Lower (an Caisleán Riabhach Íochtarach)
- Castlereagh Upper (an Caisleán Riabhach Uachtarach)
- Dufferin (an Duifrian)
- Iveagh Lower, Lower Half[10] (Uíbh Eachach Íochtarach, an Leath Íochtair)
- Iveagh Lower, Upper Half[10] (Uíbh Eachach Íochtarach, an Leath Uachtair)
- Iveagh Upper, Lower Half[10] (Uíbh Eachach Uachtarach, an Leath Íochtair)
- Iveagh Upper, Upper Half[10] (Uíbh Eachach Uachtarach, an Leath Uachtair)
- Kinelearty (Cineál Fhártaigh)
- Lecale Lower (Leath Cathail Íochtarach)
- Lecale Upper (Leath Cathail Uachtarach)
- Lordship of Newry (an tIúr)
- Mourne (Múrna)
Parishes
Townlands
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ http://www.dcalni.gov.uk/FAQs/FAQs.asp?ba=leid
- ^ Crawfordsburn Old Inn website
- ^ For 1653 and 1659 figures from Civil Survey Census of those years, Paper of Mr Hardinge to Royal Irish Academy March 14, 1865.
- ^ Census for post 1821 figures.
- ^ http://www.histpop.org
- ^ http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census
- ^ Lee, JJ (1981). "On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses". in Goldstrom, J. M.; Clarkson, L. A.. Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
- ^ Mokyr, Joel; O Grada, Cormac (November), "New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700-1850", The Economic History Review Volume 37 (Issue 4): 473–488, doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1984.tb00344.x, http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120035880/abstract
- ^ a b c d e f g "Statistical classification of settlements". NI Neighbourhood Information Service. http://www.ninis.nisra.gov.uk/mapxtreme_towns/statistical%20classification.htm. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
- ^ a b c d Neither Upper nor Lower Iveagh is separated into Upper and Lower halfs in ANHI
[edit] Further reading
- Harris, Walter (attributed). 1744. The Ancient and Present Stare of the County of Down...'Dublin.
- The Memoirs of John M. Regan, a Catholic Officer in the RIC and RUC, 1909–48, Joost Augusteijn, editor, District Inspector, Co. Down 1930s, 1919, ISBN 978-1-84682-069-4.
[edit] External links
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