Die Algonkin-Sprachen sind eine in Nordamerika beheimatete Sprachfamilie der indigenen amerikanischen Sprachen. Möglicherweise ist Algonkin mit den in Nordkalifornien gesprochenen Einzelsprachen Wiyot und Yurok zu einer Algisch genannten Sprachfamilie 2. Grades zusammenzufassen.
Zusammen mit der Irokesischen, Muskogee, Sioux und Caddo war es eine der weitestverbreiteten Sprachfamilien Nordamerikas, von der Atlantikküste im Osten bis auf die Plains im Westen, von der Subarktis im Norden bis nach North Carolina im Süden.
Die Diversifizierung der einzelnen Sprachen ist durchaus beachtlich, gegenseitige Verstehbarkeit dürfte nur bei einigen wenigen Fällen wie Ojibwa und Potawatomi vorliegen.
Umstritten ist allerdings die Subgruppierung des Algonkin. Lediglich eine periphere Position des Blackfoot scheint klar, obschon seine Besonderheiten auch erst rezent durch intensive Kontaktwirkungen entstanden sein könnten (Bakker). Areale Gruppen wie ein hypothetisches Plains Algonkin sind nicht haltbar und selbst eine bislang akzeptierte Ost-Algonkin-Einheit wurde von Paul Proulx infragegestellt, da ihre Validität von bestreitbaren Annahmen über relative Chronologie abhängt.
Der ISO 639-2 Code ist alg; ISO 639-3 ist alq.
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Über eine eventuelle Zugehörigkeit des ausgestorbenen Beothuk auf Neufundland kann aufgrund der dürftigen Datenlage nur spekuliert werden.
Berman, Howard (1982): Two phonological innovations in Ritwan. IJAL 48: 248-262
—— (1984): Proto-Algonquian-Ritwan verbal roots. IJAL 50/3 (July 1984): 335-342
Bloomfield, Leonard (1946): Algonquian. LSNA: 85-129
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—— (2004): Proto-Algonquian *š and "Ritwan": a rejoinder. Algonquian & Iroquoian Linguistics 29/4: 50-51
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Proulx, Paul ((1980a): The subordinative order of Proto-Algonquian. IJAL 46: 289-300
—— (1980b): The linguistic evidence on Algonquian prehistory. AnL 22/1: 1-21
—— (1982a): The origin of absolute verbs of the Algonquian independent order. IJAL 48: 394-411
—— (1982b): The linguistic evidence of the Algonquian-Iroquoian encounter. Approaches to Algonquian archaeology: proceedings of the 13th annual conference og the archaeological association of the University of Calgary, 1980. n.p.: 1982: 189-211
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—— (1983): Mahican social organization and the Middle Atlantic cultural climax. AnL 25/1: 82-100
—— (1984a): PA *aye and its implications. IJAL 50/1: 84-93
—— (1984b): Proto-Algic, I: Phonological sketch. IJAL 50/2: 165-207
—— (1984c): Algonquian objective verbs. IJAL 50/4: 403-423
—— (1984d): Two models of Algonquian linguistic prehistory: diffusion versus genetic subgrouping. AL 26/4: 393-434
—— (1985a): Proto-Algic, II: Verbs. IJAL 51/1: 59-93
—— (1985b): The semantics of Yurok terms referring to water. AL 27/4 (Winter 1985): 353-362
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—— (1986): Algonquian cardinal directions. Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics 11/2: 19-23
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—— (1990): Proto-Algonquian verb inflection. Studies in Native American languages, VI (= KWPL 15/2). Lawrence, KS: Linguistic Graduate Student Association
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—— (1994): Proto-Algic, V: Doublets and their implications. Studies in Native American languages, VIII (= KWPL 19/2). Ed. Linda M. Roby Lawrence, KS: Linguistics Graduate Student Association, Univ. of Kansas 1994: 115-182
—— (2001a): Proto-Algonquian demonstratives and the size of PA socio-political units. Algonquian & Iroquoian Linguistics 26/2: 15-19
—— (2001b): Research report: reconstructing Proto-Algonquian society. Algonquian & Iroquoian Linguistics 26/3: 29-31
—— (2003a): Proto-Algonquian affinal terms and related consanguineal ones. Algonquian & Iroquoian Linguistics 28/2: 26-35
—— (2003b): The evidence on Algonquian genetic grouping: a matter of relative chronology. Anthropological Linguistics 45/2: 201-225
—— (2004a): Proto Algonquian *š and the Ritwan hypothesis. Algonquian & Iroquoian Linguistics 29/2: 30-32
—— (2004b): Prehistoric social organization before and after agriculture: the lexically reconstructed story of Central Algonquian society, showing the transformation of a bilateral forager kindred into an agricultural patrilineal tribe in a resource rich natural environment. (Studies in Linguistic Palaeontology, 1) Heatherton, NS [distributed by www.lulu.com/content/55394 for a small charge, or may be ordered at that site as a printout]
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—— (2004d): Proto Algic VI: Conditioned Yurok reflexes of Proto Algic vowels. KWPL 27: 124-138
—— (2005a): Reduplication in Proto-Algonquian and Proto-Central-Algonquian. IJAL 71/2: 193-214
—— (2005b): Ritwan again: some notes on theory, method, and presentation. AIL 30/2: 13-15
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Anna Akhmatova et Marina Tsvetaeva
Deux femmes russes poètes prises au coeur de la tourmente russe du début du siècle, deux femmes russes reclues dans leur oeuvre face à un monde hostile. Ces deux femmes russes sont le visage de la Russie ancienne et moderne.
"Qu'une femme russe vaut bien plus, en somme que les hommes russes qui se battent, et que leur chagrin pour les hommes me fait aimer les femmes russes ici-bas."